Sarcasm in the Bible: 1 King 18:27

 

The Bible is not afraid to use sarcasm and biting irony to mock false gods, expose hypocrisy and doctrinal error, and to call out spiritual arrogance. The scriptures use sarcasm while also warning us against being malicious, mean-spirited, or seeking personal revenge.

In 1 Kings 18:27 the prophet Elijah laughs at the priests of Baal who prayed for hours for their deity to start a fire. Baal seems to be uninterested in and unresponsive to their prayers. The English Standard Version (ESV) translates Elijah as perhaps suggesting that Baal is busy relieving himself (urinating).  Other translations are a little more demure but it is probable that Elijah meant to insultingly mock Baal as a false deity.

The original Hebrew phrase, : שִׂיחַ וְכִי־שִׂיג (siach wachi-sig), is a hendiadys (two words joined by "and"). The word siach ( שִׂיחַ Strong’s 7879) usually means "speak," or "meditate" but can be used as a euphemism for bodily urination. The second word, sig (שִׂ֛יג  Strong’s 7873) usually means "to turn aside" or "withdraw".

The linking word for siach and sig is wachi (וְכִֽי־ Strong’s H3588). Depending on its surrounding context it can mean any of the following: and, but, now, even, that, for, because, when, or if.

An interesting discussion of this occurs here: https://hermeneutics.stackexchange.com/questions/20670/was-baal-relieving-himself

Extrabiblical Evidences of Biblical Persons, Places, and/or Events: The Gezer Calendar

The Gezer Calendar is a tenth century BC/BCE (possibly 925 BC/BCE) fragment of an inscribed limestone  plate.  It was found in the ruins of the Canaanite city of Gezer (Tell el-Jazari).  The inscription is one of the earliest known examples of a text written in ancient Hebrew script.  It consists of seven lines of text and was discovered in 1908 by R.A.S. Macalister (see the bibliography below).  The Hebrew name, Abijah, appears in the text.

The calendar describes the crops planted, tended, and harvested in various months.  The purpose of the calendar is unknown, but some have suggested that it may have been used for taxation purposes. 

http://www.google.com/search?q=the+gezer+calendar&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=-9jBUerzIYzS9ASAzoDQCQ&sqi=2&ved=0CDsQsAQ&biw=1202&bih=812

The limestone tablet is housed in the Museum of the Ancient Orient in Istanbul, Turkey. The Jewish Virtual Library gives these bibliographical listings for the Gezer Calendar: 

R.A.S. Macalister, Excavation of Gezer, 2 (1912), 24–28; Albright, in: BASOR, 92 (1943), 16–26; L. Finkelstein, ibid., 94 (1944), 28–29; Wright, in: BA, 18 (1955), 50–56; Segal, in: JSS, 7 (1962), 212–21; Talmon, in: JAOS, 83 (1963), 177–87; Wirgin, in: Eretz Israel, 6 (1960), 9–12 (Eng. section); Rathjen, in: PWQ, 93 (1961), 70–72; Honeyman, in: JRAS (1953), 53–58; Pritchard, Texts, 320; Pritchard, Pictures, 272; EM, 2 (1965), 471–4 (incl. bibl.).  S. Ahituv, Handbook of Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions (1992), 149–52.

Biblical mentions of Gezer: Joshua 10:1-34, 12:12, 16:3-10, 21:21; 1 Chronicles 6:67, 7:28, 14:6, 20:4; Judges 1:29; 2 Samuel 5:25; 1 Kings 9:15-17.  Gezer is not mentioned in the New Testament.  During that period it was known as Gazara.

Another Discussion of Pi in 1 Kings

Yesterday's post was about the use of the mathematical constant, pi, in 1 Kings 7:23.  Today is another answer to the question of whether or not the verse represents an error in the Bible.  The writer of the web article, "Answer to: Does the Math in 1 Kings 7:23 prove that the Bible has errors?" , says the solution to the question is in 1 Kings 7:26.  You have to read both verses to see that two different measurements are being discussed, one is the diameter of the outside rim of the cup and the other is the circumference of the inside rim of the cup.  This may sound like "splitting hairs"but, actually, it is not.  This is not the "Aha! Gotcha!" that the Bible-haters would like it to be.

Pi: Not the Movie But the Number

Pi (1998) is a movie I will talk about later.  It was the first feature directed by Darren Aronovsky, who is best known for the intense psychological thriller, Black Swan (2010).  This post is not about the film, but the number.


Pi is a mathematical constant; the ratio of a circle's circumference to its 
diameter.  It is often approximated as 3.14, but it is actually an irrational 
number whose decimal representation never ends and never repeats.
It has been calculated to 5 trilllion decimal places without breaking 
this pattern.  The number is useful in mathematics, science, and engineering.  


Jerry Tuttle, (who gives a calculus based derivation of Pi, π ) in his web article, "Does the Bible say Pi equals three?" discusses this very question.  Some say that there is a mathematical error in the Bible at 1 Kings 7:23.  Remember that one of the recurrent attacks on the Bible is that it is full of "errors."  It is ironic though that the supposed errors can almost always be explained away just as the cities and places which "never existed" keep on being found.

Bible Printer's Errors: The Lions Bible

The Lions Bible (1804) is a King James Version which was either not proofread at all or the errors were ignored because they would be expensive to correct.  There were multiple variant readings, including the three below. 

What it said:

“Or if he smite him with an hand weapon of wood, wherewith he may die, and he die, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put together.” Numbers 35:18

What it should have said:

“Or if he smite him with an hand weapon of wood, wherewith he may die, and he die, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to death.” Numbers 35:18

What it said:

“For the flesh lusteth after the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh: and these are contrary the one to the other: so that ye cannot do the things that ye would.”  Galatians 5:17

What it should have said:

“For the flesh lusteth against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh: and these are contrary the one to the other: so that ye cannot do the things that ye would.” Galatians 5:17

And the error for which this Bible edition is named.

What it said:

“Nevertheless thou shalt not build the house; but thy son that shall come forth out of thy lions, he shall build the house unto my name.” 1Kings 8:19

What it should have said:

“Nevertheless thou shalt not build the house; but thy son that shall come forth out of thy loins, he shall build the house unto my name.” 1Kings 8:19

The Wealth of King Solomon

“Now the weight of gold that came to Solomon in one year was six hundred and threescore and six talents of gold;” 2 Chronicles 9:13

“Now the weight of gold that came to Solomon in one year was six hundred threescore and six talents of gold.” 1 Kings 10:14

1 talent was the mass of water needed to fill an amphora, a standard sized two-handled vase with a long neck designed for pouring.  The Greek name for the vase, amphora, came from αμφι (“on both sides”) and φορεύς (“carrier”).  Talanton is a Greek word meaning “scale” or “balance.”

 1 talent (a measure of weight) = 3000 shekels = 60 minas = 34.3 kg = 75 US pounds.  On 20 September 2011, the price of gold was $1798.60 per ounce.  There are 16 ounces in a US pound, so one pound would be valued at $28,777.60.  75 pounds would be valued at $2,158,320.00.  666 talents, at today’s price for gold, would be approximately $142,449,120.00.   Remember, this was just his gold.  Solomon also received silver, jewels, animals, slaves, and wives.

Solomon’s wealth came from commerce, mining, and tribute (1 Kings 4:21) and from gifts brought by visiting dignitaries (1 Kings 10:25}  The Bible describes Solomon as being tremendously wealthy.  Obviously, he was.

Solomon and the Two Mothers

"Then came there two women, that were harlots, unto the king, and stood before him. And the one woman said, O my lord, I and this woman dwell in one house; and I was delivered of a child with her in the house. And it came to pass the third day after that I was delivered, that this woman was delivered also: and we were together; there was no stranger with us in the house, save we two in the house.  And this woman's child died in the night; because she overlaid it.  And she arose at midnight, and took my son from beside me, while thine handmaid slept, and laid it in her bosom, and laid her dead child in my bosom.  And when I rose in the morning to give my child suck, behold, it was dead: but when I had considered it in the morning, behold, it was not my son, which I did bear.   And the other woman said, Nay; but the living is my son, and the dead is thy son. And this said, No; but the dead is thy son, and the living is my son. Thus they spake before the king.
  Then said the king, The one saith, This is my son that liveth, and thy son is the dead: and the other saith, Nay; but thy son is the dead, and my son is the living.   And the king said, Bring me a sword. And they brought a sword before the king.   And the king said, Divide the living child in two, and give half to the one, and half to the other.   Then spake the woman whose the living child was unto the king, for her bowels yearned upon her son, and she said, O my lord, give her the living child, and in no wise slay it. But the other said, Let it be neither mine nor thine, but divide it.   Then the king answered and said, Give her the living child, and in no wise slay it: she is the mother thereof.   And all Israel heard of the judgment which the king had judged; and they feared the king: for they saw that the wisdom of God was in him, to do judgment." 1 Kings 3:16-28

Here is an animated version of the incident.