There have been 828,841 page views of this blog since May 2010. The current number of posts is 1805. These posts can be searched using the Search This Blog function. An alphabetical list of subjects discussed on this blog is at the extreme bottom of the blog page under Labels and indicates the number of posts about the subject in question. The Translate This Page tool can present the blog in numerous languages.
Tuesday, August 12, 2025
Statistics as of today: 12 August 2025
Wednesday, August 6, 2025
Modern Names of Places Mentioned in the Bible
First or representative mention.
Ammon Jordan Genesis 19:37-38
Arabia Arabia 1 Kings 10:15; 2 Chronicles 1:14
Aram, Aramiyim Syria 1Chronicles 19:6; 2 Samuel 10:6-8
Assur/Asshur Iran,
Iraq Numerous mentions
Babylon Iraq Numerous mentions
Canaan Gaza
Strip, Israel, Lebanon, West Bank Numerous mentions
Damascus Syria Genesis 14:15
Ethiopia Ethiopia, Sudan Genesis 2:13
Media Iran 2 Kings 17:6
Pekod, Peqod Iraq Jeremiah 50:21; Ezekiel 23:23
Togarmah Armenia,
Turkiye, Turkestan Ezekiel 38:6
Science in Antiquity: Part 1
Many
modern people have a very limited view of history. They can only see or think
about five or ten years into the past. They see history as boring and they
think of the ancients as ignorant and backward. This was actually not true. What
the ancients lacked was the modern accumulation of facts. An ancient Israelite
would have been very puzzled and culture-shocked to have been dumped into the
modern world, but he or she could have eventually learned to drive a car or to
cook on a stove or to use a cellphone.
The
ancients were just as intelligent as we are but the accumulation of scientific
facts had not yet reached a critical point. Human knowledge took centuries to
double, fact by fact. As knowledge accumulated, the rate of accumulation began
to speed up. Every answer exposes a new question. Buckminster Fuller spoke of
the Knowledge Doubling Curve which was relatively flat for centuries, then
began a slow climb, and then went into an explosive upward thrust.
By
the end of the 19th Century, knowledge was doubling once per
century. By about 1945, the rate of doubling was about every 25 years. By 1982,
the rate was about every 12-13 months. By 2020, the doubling was occurring
about every 12 hours. With at least 50,000,000,000 devices now operating and
with the rise of artificial intelligence, the rate may now be in minutes.
185
AD/CE: Chinese
astronomers report a bright star which faded away after eight months. This is
Supernova SN 185 which occurred 8200 years ago in the Centaurus constellation.
Ca 140
AD/CE: A Chinese surgeon, Hua Tuo, is the first
recorded to use anesthesia during surgery.
78-139
AD/CE: Zhang Heng,
a Han polymath, works in seismology, hydraulics, astronomy, cartography,
poetry, and politics. He invents a functional water clock.
100
AD/CE: 1. The mathematician Theon of Smyrna says that
the Earth is a sphere.
Ca 20
AD/CE:1. Birth of the Greek scientist, Hero of
Alexandria, who did work in theoretical mathematics, mechanics, and
physics. He studied the science of light
reflection and invented a rotary steam engine and several pneumatic devices.
2. Geminus of Rhodes studies astronomy and writes The Theory of
Mathematics.
8 AD/CE: Chinese astronomer Liu Xin
calculates the solar year as 365.25016 days. He calculates pi as 3.154
Wednesday, July 30, 2025
Breaking the Fourth Wall
In film-making, there is a concept called breaking the fourth wall in which one or several characters acknowledge the existence of the viewing audience and address the viewers as if they are participants in the ongoing events.
The first, second, and third walls
are like a box around a stage set: the back wall and the two side walls. The
fourth wall is the wall visible to the characters in the play but totally transparent
to the people watching the events as they occur. Traditionally, the actors and
narrators are assumed to be unaware that they are being watched by the
audience.
Breaking the fourth wall
occurs when a character in the play or film glances at the audience or camera,
makes movements like a wink or a knowing smile which betray a knowledge of the
existence of the audience, or actually speaks directly to the viewers. Occasionally,
the narrative itself becomes self-aware. Examples of this phenomenon occur in
the films, Ferris Bueller’s Day Off, the Marvel Deadpool films,
and The Neverending Story, which can be seen to exhibit as many as seven
levels of fourth wall breaking.
What does this have to do with this
Christian blog? Well, this is in reference to the Bible itself. The Bible
is holy, but as an object it is just a book, ink on sheets of paper, or, in our
current modern days, the arrangement of millions of pixels on your cellphone
screen.
There are widely varying levels of reverence
for the physical book itself, with some actually bordering on idolatry, but the
physical book is just that, a book.
Two ways of understanding the Bible
are as a tool or as a weapon. Both understandings can be biblically supported.
So, back to the subject of this
post. Sitting on a shelf or lying on a desk the Bible is just a book.
The thing which only Christians can understand is that once it is picked up and
opened, the Bible is itself indwelled by the Holy Spirit, the same person who inhabits each
of us. Just as we can use the Bible, so can he. It is one of the many
ways he can speak directly to us.
The Holy Spirit is aware as we read
the biblical text and he guides us to new insights, the meat of the gospel, new
levels of understanding which we as believers can gradually comprehend as we
mature. How do we know this? The Bible tells us so.
One of the activities of the Holy
Spirit is the Reminding Ministry. He will guide you in the Bible to the
answers or understandings which you need to further mature as a Christian.
Isaiah 11:2; 1 Corinthians
2:12, 3:1-4, 6:19-20; Hebrews 5:12-13; John 14:17,26, 16:13; Romans
8:9; Colossians 1:27; 1 John 4:15.
Wednesday, July 23, 2025
The First Three Letters of the Bible
In
Genesis 1:1, the first word of the Bible, in
Hebrew, is בְּרֵאשִׁית
which is transliterated as bare sit or b'rei-sheeth. The first
letter is ב (bet), the second letter is ר (resh), and the third
letter is א (alef). The English-language name of the book is Genesis,
from its Greek name, Γένεσις. Its Hebrew name is the same as its first
word, Bereshit, “in beginning.”
Some
Christian commentators have noticed and commented on this as a statement of the
Trinity in the first word of the Bible. Others see it as merely
an interesting coincidence.
בן Ben (son)
רִיחַ Ruach (spirit, breath, wind)
Sunday, July 20, 2025
Science in Antiquity: Part 12
Many modern people have a very limited view of history. They can only see or think about five or ten years into the past. They see history as boring and they think of the ancients as ignorant and backward. This was actually not true. What the ancients lacked was the modern accumulation of facts. An ancient Israelite would have been very puzzled and culture-shocked to have been dumped into the modern world, but he or she could have eventually learned to drive a car or to cook on a stove or to use a cellphone.
The
ancients were just as intelligent as we are but the accumulation of scientific
facts had not yet reached a critical point. Human knowledge took centuries to
double, fact by fact. As knowledge accumulated, the rate of accumulation began
to speed up. Every answer exposes a new question. Buckminster Fuller spoke of
the Knowledge Doubling Curve which was relatively flat for centuries, then
began a slow climb, and then went into an explosive upward thrust. By the end
of the 19th Century, knowledge was doubling once per century. By
about 1945, the rate of doubling was about every 25 years. By 1982, the rate
was about every 12-13 months. By 2020, the doubling was occurring about every
12 hours. With at least 50,000,000,000 devices now operating and with the rise
of artificial intelligence, the rate may now be in minutes.
Ca
1950 BC/BCE:
Quadratic equations are solved by Babylonian mathematicians.
Ca
2000 BC/BCE: In India, fouled water is purified by
boiling and subsequent filtration through
charcoal.
Ca
22 Oct. 2137 BC/BCE:
A solar eclipse is recorded and described by Chinese officials.
9
May 2138 BC/BCE:
Solar eclipse visible over Babylon.
Science in Antiquity: Part 10
Many modern people have a very limited view of history. They can only see or think about five or ten years into the past. They see history as boring and they think of the ancients as ignorant and backward. This was actually not true. What the ancients lacked was the modern accumulation of facts. An ancient Israelite would have been very puzzled and culture-shocked to have been dumped into the modern world, but he or she could have eventually learned to drive a car or to cook on a stove or to use a cellphone.
The ancients were just as
intelligent as we are but the accumulation of scientific facts had not yet
reached a critical point. Human knowledge took centuries to double, fact by
fact. As knowledge accumulated, the rate of accumulation began to speed up. Every
answer exposes a new question. Buckminster Fuller spoke of the Knowledge
Doubling Curve which was relatively flat for centuries, then began a slow
climb, and then went into an explosive upward thrust.
By
the end of the 19th Century, knowledge was doubling once per
century. By about 1945, the rate of doubling was about every 25 years. By 1982,
the rate was about every 12-13 months. By 2020, the doubling was occurring
about every 12 hours. With at least 50,000,000,000 devices now operating and
with the rise of artificial intelligence, the rate may now be in minutes.
Ca
805 BC/BCE: In
India, Baudhayana calculates square roots and quadratic equations.
Ca
1000 BC/BCE:
Egyptian mathematicians use simple fractions.
11th
Century BC/BCE:
Chinese scholars describe algebra, geometry, and trigonometry.
27
December 1192 BC/BCE:
A Chinese oracle bone has been found inscribed with a description of a lunar
eclipse occurring between 2148 (9:48 PM) and 2330 (11:30 PM). The lunar eclipse has
been confirmed by NASA to have happened on that date and time.
Ca
1486 BC/BCE:
Chinese astronomers see a ten-tailed comet.
Wednesday, July 16, 2025
You are in our thoughts and prayers
When you say, "You are in our thoughts and prayers," or, " I will pray for you," be sure that these statements are true. Otherwise, you are taking the Name of the Lord God in vain. Don't just blab out pious phrases: words really do have meaning.
Wednesday, July 9, 2025
Modern Names of Places Mentioned in the Bible
First or representative biblical mention.
Assyria Iraq Numerous mentions
Chaldea Iraq,
Kuwait Jeremiah 50:10; Ezekiel 11:24
Cush/Kush Ethiopia
and Sudan Genesis 2:13
Edom Jordan Genesis 25:30
Midian Jordan Genesis 25:12-18
Mitzraim/Mizraim Egypt Genesis 12:10. Mitzraim מִצְרַיִם is the Hebrew word for Egypt. The English language word Egypt is derived from its Greek name aiγuptos. The modern Arabic name for the country is Misr مصر.
Philistia Palestine Joshua 13:3; Judges 16:5
Put Libya,
North Africa, Egypt Nahum 3:9
Rosh southern Russia Ezekiel 38:2,8
Scythia southern
Russia, Ukraine Ezekiel 38:1
Wednesday, July 2, 2025
Render Unto Caesar What Belongs to Caesar: Christian Citizen Involvement
Most
of us read Jesus’ comment, “Render unto Caesar…” as a negative but it clearly
is not. Jesus turned the Pharisees’ hostile trap question back on them and they
walked away humiliated. The point of what Jesus said is that the commandments
of God supersede or override those of any government whenever there is a
conflict between the two. His comment acknowledges that the government can make
legitimate claims on us. Remember that all governments are in place only with his
consent.
Our
compliance with and assistance to government can take many forms, including jury
duty, military service, running for a place on the local school board, and paying
required taxes. I know, I hate them too, but Jesus himself paid taxes.
There
are many avenues for Christians to faithfully serve their government. For
Americans with an interest in history, there is one very intriguing option. (I
am not sure if this is restricted only to American citizens, but other
countries may also have programs such as this for their own documents.)
The
vast majority of the millions of original documents from the 17th to 19th
centuries and many from the early 20th still exist only in handwritten form. These include military records, land transaction and dispute records, supply requisitions, court records, official correspondence, census books, tax records, government pension applications, and various miscellaneous documents. The United States National Archives is
seeking unpaid volunteers who are able to read cursive handwriting and
especially the handwriting of the 17th to 19th centuries.
The needed skill is called paleography: the science or skill of transcribing ancient or
historical documents.
The
Archives need this because people have shifted through the years from
handwriting, to type-setting, to typewriters, then word processors, then
texting, and many now almost exclusively use talk-to-text technology. Some even
tell an artificial intelligence program what they want to be in a document and
then allow the AI to compose it. These people will look at the English-language
handwriting of the 18th and 19th centuries and may be as
confused as if it were written in Chinese or Arabic.
The
handwriting of prior centuries is very different from what is now considered to
be standard. The forms of letters are different, the language can sound stilted, flowery, or obscure, the letters may be written very close together to get more writing
on one page (paper was expensive), unfamiliar or archaic words may be used, and the
spelling is often very fluid, even in the same document.
The
difficulties are compounded by the fact that in some modern school systems,
cursive handwriting is no longer even taught. My granddaughter went to one such
school and had to ask me to teach her how to read and write cursive.
Volunteers
for the National Archives program may sign up online and pick any one of the
over 300,000,000 currently digitized but still un-transcribed documents. There
is no specified number or type of documents which the volunteer must process
and no time limitations. Those who are uncomfortable reading older forms of
cursive can still volunteer their efforts since the documents transcribed by
others also need to “tagged” by mentioned subjects and names to make them
easier to search. Information about this program can be viewed here: https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2025/01/15/national-archives-is-seeking-citizen-archivists-who-can-read-cursive/77717797007/ and the government website is
here: https://www.archives.gov/citizen-archivist/missions/revolutionary-war-pension-files
Matthew 17: 24-27, 22:15-22; Mark 12:13-17: Luke 20:20-26; Romans 13:1-7.
Wednesday, June 25, 2025
Koko’s Message for Us
People have questioned
the exact nature of animal intelligence. Some wonder if their beloved pets have
souls and will be in Heaven with them. While many have very firm opinions on
the matter, the hard answer is that no one knows for sure. The Bible
does not speak on the issue in any clear way.
Modern science asserts
that animals have some sort of intelligence and personal identities. The level
of intelligence varies depending on the type of animal, but some animals
clearly exhibit emotions, social structures, teamwork, wars, use of simple tools, recognize themselves in mirrors or photographs, long-term memory, play video games, food preferences, manipulative behaviors, favorite toys, and
the choosing of a favorite person.
Koko was a lowland
gorilla who lived at The Gorilla Foundation in California (USA). Obviously, it
is anatomically impossible for gorillas to speak in a human manner, but an
attempt was made to teach Koko some simple manual sign language. She learned
over 2000 signs and was able to carry on what appear to have been intelligent
conversations with people.
Koko had a pet cat which
she named All-Ball and she babied and pampered it as if it were her child. When
the cat died, Koko went through a grieving period.
Koko’s daily routines included watching television. Her favorite program was Mr. Roger’s Neighborhood. When Fred Rogers came to visit her, she was delighted and, after she hugged him, she took off his sweater and shoes, just as he did in every episode of his program.
https://www.koko.org/research-care/796/kokos-farewell-to-mister-rogers/
Another of her television favorites
was the comedian, Robin Williams. When Williams came to visit, the pair hugged
and laughed repeatedly. They played Tickles.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I9I_QvEXDv0
Listen to what Koko said
to us at the age of 44. She died at the age of 46.:
“I am nature. I am flower,
animals. I am nature. Man Koko love. Earth Koko love. But Man stupid. Koko
sorry. Koko cry. Time hurry. Fix Earth. Help Earth. Hurry. Nature see you.
Thank you.”
and
Wednesday, June 18, 2025
Isaiah was of Royal Descent
When King Amaziah died , his son, Uzziah/Azariah became king of Judah. The prophet Isaiah was the son of Amoz, who was possibly a brother of King Amaziah, so, Isaiah was of royal descent. 2
Kings 14: 19-22; 2
Chronicles 25-27.
Wednesday, June 11, 2025
Modern Names of Places Mentioned in the Bible
Caphtor Amos 9:7; Jeremiah 47:9 Greece
Cushan Habakkuk 3:7 Jordan
Gomer Ezekiel 38:6 Possibly
Ukraine
Moab Numbers 22-24 Jordan
Persia Numerous mentions Iran
Phoenicia Numerous mentions Lebanon
Sidon Genesis 10:15 Lebanon
Tadmor 2
Chronicles 8:4 Palmyra,
Syria
Tyre Isaiah 23:2,12 Lebanon
Uz Job 1:1 Jordan and Lebanon
Wednesday, June 4, 2025
Book Comment: The 50 Most Important Teachings of the Bible
In his book, The 50 Most Important Teachings of
the Bible, Jim George presents a Conservative Protestant Evangelical
interpretation of fifty of the important doctrines of Christianity. When I
first read it, I wrote on the title page: “The whole book quivers with the evangelistic
impulse.”
As with most books such as this, what you get from the
book depends on what you bring with you. You may not agree with everything
George says. His stated purpose: “My goal for this book about what the Bible
teaches is to help give you a better understanding of the key teachings that
are critical for your growth as a Christian.”
Some of the topics discussed in this book:
God is both three, and one.
Satan is not as powerful as you think, but you ignore
him at your own risk.
Look at Jesus to see what God is like.
How much water is enough?
Angels are not just something you put
on the top of your Christmas tree.
You cannot surprise God
Information you will need to search for this book: George,
Jim, The 50 Most Important Teachings of the Bible. What They Mean for You
(Eugene, Oregon: Harvest House Publishers, 2015)
___________________________________________________________________
A general caution: books may give you wonderful new
insights and explanations of subjects, but you should never base your Christian
beliefs on any one book or the teachings of one person, no matter who they are.
All teachings must be consistent with scripture. Read as the Bereans did, with
discernment. “… for they received the word with great eagerness, examining the
Scriptures daily to see whether these things were so.” Acts
17:11 NASB
Any doctrines must be consistent with the historical
full body of Christian thought. Doctrines or teachings inconsistent with
scripture in any way must be rejected. You would not eat cheese which had a
fuzzy fungus growing on it.
Wednesday, May 28, 2025
Relatives of Jesus
9 December 598 BC/BCE: Death of Jehoiakim/Eliakim (608-598 BC/BCE), ascension
of his son, Jehoiachin/Jeconiah (ruled 597 BC/BCE), as King of Judah
(for a three-month and ten-day reign). Jehoiachin is held captive in Babylon for 37
years. The Sheshbazzar, “prince of Judah,” mentioned in Ezra is believed to have been Shenazzar, a son of Jehoiakin. This man would have been the uncle
of Zerubbabel, an ancestor of Jesus.
Ezra 1:8ff, 5:1-2,14, 2:63; 1 Chronicles 3:18; 2
Kings 23: 1-24:16.
Wednesday, May 21, 2025
Book Comment: The New Testament Documents: Are They Reliable?
Almost everyone acknowledges that the original text documents
of the New Testament have been lost. The originals were written on perishable
materials and were hand copied onto other perishable materials to be distributed
among the churches. Constant use, environmental factors, and sheer age led to
the degradation of the documents which had to be recopied repeatedly. What we
now have has been reconstructed from thousands of early textual fragments and the
earliest known full copies of the books.
In the 120 pages of his book, The New Testament
Documents: Are They Reliable?, F.F. Bruce presents a detailed but highly
readable statement about the proofs that the modern New Testament as it stands
represents as much as a 99.9 percent recovery of the original documents. Through
the comparison of numerous copies, scribal errors and intentional editing can
be detected and rejected. The oldest copies and those with the hardest to accept meaning (and therefore most likely to be "corrected" by the scribe) are
favored.
Comparing the extant New Testament documents to those of secular antiquity, Bruce shows that the texts of the Christian scriptures are actually far better attested than those of universally accepted secular books.
______________________________
F.F. Bruce, who died in 1990, was a highly influential British conservative evangelical biblical scholar and university professor. He wrote numerous books and articles. https://www.eerdmans.com/9780802867230/f-f-bruce/
Information you will need to search for this book: Bruce, F.F., The New Testament Documents: Are They Reliable? (Downer’s Grove, Ill: Inter-Varsity Press, 5th ed., 1960).
A similar book with a very apologetic bent is:
Sala,
Harold J., Why You Can Have Confidence in the Bible (Eugene, OR: Harvest
House Publishers, 2008). (This is an
apologetics book comparing the extant biblical documentation to that of
classical documents from antiquity.)
___________________________________________________________________
A general caution: books may give you wonderful new
insights and explanations of subjects, but you should never base your Christian
beliefs on any one book or the teachings of one person, no matter who they are.
All teachings must be consistent with scripture. Read as the Bereans did, with
discernment. “… for they received the word with great eagerness, examining the
Scriptures daily to see whether these things were so.” Acts
17:11 NASB
Any doctrines must be consistent with the historical
full body of Christian thought. Doctrines or teachings inconsistent with
scripture in any way must be rejected. You would not eat cheese which had a
fuzzy fungus growing on it.
Wednesday, May 14, 2025
Not the Real Thing
Free over the air television in the
United States is advertiser supported.
During the United States NCAA
National Basketball Tournament (we call it “March Madness”), the television
viewership numbers are enormous. As a result, companies pay large sums of money
to run 30 second commercials for their products during the broadcasts. The link
below is one of the commercials: for AT&T, American Telephone and Telegraph.
At every game during the
tournament, vendors gather to sell memorabilia relating to the participating
college teams: hats, caps, shirts, jerseys, sweatsuits, flags, banners,
magazines, figurines, toys, and other doodads. Doodads, that is a good slang
word meaning little ephemeral items that your children will insist that they
must have but which they will discard, break, or lose as soon as they get home. In the South, we also call
them doohickeys or whatchamacallits. Merriam-Webster https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/doodad
defines doodad as “an often small article whose common name is unknown
or forgotten: gadget.”
In the commercial in the link below, the vendor is obviously trying to avoid the cost of paying royalty licensing fees to the universities. He is selling counterfeit items. His main problem is that his counterfeits are glaringly obvious. The university names are spelled incorrectly, or the colors on the items are not the colors associated with the university. His counterfeits include: Unsee instead of UNC (The University of North Carolina), Gonzaza instead of Gonzaga University, Markett instead of Marquette University, Oregano instead of The University of Oregon, and Dook instead of Duke University.
Not all counterfeits are as obvious as these and, sadly, they also occur in spiritual matters. There are spiritual counterfeits which have arisen from well-intentioned ignorance and stupidity, or from peculiar mis-readings of the biblical texts, or from secular concerns being forced into the scriptural interpretation (eisegesis).
Friday, May 9, 2025
About this blog and how to use it.
There have been 539,933 page views of this blog since May 2010. The current number of posts is 1782. These posts can be searched using the Search This Blog function. There are several posts available on this page, with the earliest rolling off whenever a new post is added. An alphabetical list of subjects discussed on this blog is at the extreme bottom of the blog page under Labels and indicates the number of posts about the subject in question. The Translate This Page tool can present the blog in numerous languages.
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Wednesday, May 7, 2025
Holy Smoke!
Pope Francis has died and the process
of selecting a new pope has begun. Today, the puffs of smoke from the Vatican
chimney were black. The Conclave’s first
vote to elect the next pope did not produce enough votes for a single
individual to be selected. Traditionally, black smoke from the chimney means
that the Cardinals must take at least one more vote, and probably more than
that. White smoke means, “We have a Pope!”
Many people believe that this is the origin
of the English-language idiomatic expression of surprise, Holy Smoke!
Surprisingly, this does not seem to be the case.
Holy Smoke! is a minced oath. (I will talk about minced oaths in another post). The fact-checking website Snopes.com (I will talk about Snopes.com in another post) says that the belief mentioned above is false. Snopes.com/fact-check/holy-smoke/
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the earliest known written mention of holy smoke was in The Epiphany, a 1627 poem written by Sir J. Beaumont and it references the burning of incense. The earliest known use of holy smoke as an exclamation or expletive was in 1892, by Rudyard Kipling in his The Naulahka.
Modern Names of Places Mentioned in the Bible
Attalia Acts
14:25 Antalya, Turkiye
Cenchrae Romans
16:1 Kechries, Greece
Harosheth Haggoyim Judges
4:13 El-Ahwar, Israel
Kir of Moab
Isaiah 15:1 Al
Karak, Jordan
Laish/Leshem
Judges 18:29 Tel Dan,
Israel
Joshua 19:47
No-Amon/Thebes Ezekiel
30:16 Luxor/Al Uxxor, Egypt
Nahum 3:8
On/Awen Genesis 46:20 Heliopolis,
Egypt
Pi-beseth/Bubastis Ezekiel
30:17 Tell Basta, Egypt
Sarepta 1 Kings 17:9 Sarafand,
Lebanon
Obadiah 20
Wednesday, April 30, 2025
Follow the Finger